Day 86: 1 Samuel 25-27

(The previous post covered David's third Covenant with Jonathan, Saul's attempts to kill David and David's confession and repentance for cutting the corner of Saul's robe.)

1 Samuel 25
¹ And Samuel died; and all Israel gathered themselves together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah. And David arose, and went down to the wilderness of Paran.

(Samuel died and all of Israel mourned him. Saul did not see Samuel, in physical form, since his encounter in 1 Samuel 15. David was still living in the wilderness.)

² And there was a man in Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel; and the man was very great, and he had three thousand sheep, and a thousand goats: and he was shearing his sheep in Carmel.
³ Now the name of the man was Nabal; and the name of his wife Abigail; and the woman was of good understanding, and of a beautiful countenance: but the man was churlish and evil in his doings; and he was of the house of Caleb.

(Abigail was a woman of good understanding. Abigail’s husband, Nabal, was churlish (hard, cruel, severe, obstinate) and evil in his actions. He was of the house of Caleb, which was an Ephraimite. David was from Judah.)

⁴ And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal was shearing his sheep.
⁵ And David sent ten young men, and David said unto the young men, Get you up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and greet him in my name:

(David sent ten men to greet Nabal in order to make a request.)

⁶ and thus shall ye say to him that liveth in prosperity, Peace be unto thee, and peace be to thy house, and peace be unto all that thou hast.
⁷ And now I have heard that thou hast shearers: thy shepherds have now been with us, and we did them no hurt, neither was there aught missing unto them, all the while they were in Carmel.
⁸ Ask thy young men, and they will tell thee: wherefore let the young men find favor in thine eyes; for we come in a good day: give, I pray thee, whatsoever cometh to thy hand, unto thy servants, and to thy son David.

(David wanted compensation for the protection he and his men provided for Nabal's sheep shearers. Philistine raids were common so this was a great service provided by David. It would have been Just of Nabal to pay David.)

⁹ And when David's young men came, they spake to Nabal according to all those words in the name of David, and ceased.
¹⁰ And Nabal answered David's servants, and said, Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse? there are many servants now-a-days that break away every man from his master.
¹¹ Shall I then take my bread, and my water, and my flesh that I have killed for my shearers, and give it unto men of whom I know not whence they are?

(Nabal answered their request for supplies negatively. Asking the questions, "Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse?" was an insult to David. Nabal, like everyone in Israel at this time, would have known who David was. This was more like saying, "Who does he think he is?"

Furthermore, the statement, "there are many servants now-a-days that break away every man from his master," was an accusation against David that he was a rebellious servant.)

¹² So David's young men turned on their way, and went back, and came and told him according to all these words.
¹³ And David said unto his men, Gird ye on every man his sword. And they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his sword: and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two hundred abode by the baggage.

(David prepared to fight because of Nabal's unjust response. Although this may seem like a rash decision, it was in response to an injustice.)

¹⁴ But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying, Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our master; and he railed at them.
¹⁵ But the men were very good unto us, and we were not hurt, neither missed we anything, as long as we went with them, when we were in the fields:
¹⁶ they were a wall unto us both by night and by day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep.
¹⁷ Now therefore know and consider what thou wilt do; for evil is determined against our master, and against all his house: for he is such a worthless fellow, that one cannot speak to him.

(Abigail was informed about Nabal's unjust response to David. Notice, one of Nabal's own young men referred to him as a "worthless fellow" and saw clearly that this situation was Nabal's fault.)

¹⁸ Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two bottles of wine, and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of parched grain, and a hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on asses.

(After Abigail was told about what had happened and she had supplies/food brought to David and his men. Remember, she was an excellent woman. Was she trying to repair this injustice caused by her husband?)

¹⁹ And she said unto her young men, Go on before me; behold, I come after you. But she told not her husband Nabal.

(Nabal was unaware Abigail helped David. It seemed even Abagail knew that Nabal was at fault, to the point that she didn't even want him knowing about what she was doing.)

²⁰ And it was so, as she rode on her ass, and came down by the covert of the mountain, that, behold, David and his men came down toward her; and she met them.
²¹ Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him: and he hath returned me evil for good.
²² God do so unto the enemies of David, and more also, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light so much as one man-child.

(David was now seeing that it was vain (unprofitable) for him and his men to protect Nabal's land and people.)

²³ And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and alighted from her ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground.
²⁴ And she fell at his feet, and said, Upon me, my lord, upon me be the iniquity; and let thy handmaid, I pray thee, speak in thine ears, and hear thou the words of thy handmaid.

(Abigail began to intercede for Nabal. She was trying to bear the pain caused by her husband.)

²⁵ Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this worthless fellow, even Nabal; for as his name is, so is he; Nabal is his name, and folly is with him: but I thy handmaid saw not the young men of my lord, whom thou didst send.

(Nabal meant "fool." Abigail was saying that this situation would have turned out differently had she been the one to interact with David's messengers.)

²⁶ Now therefore, my lord, as Jehovah liveth, and as thy soul liveth, seeing Jehovah hath withholden thee from bloodguiltiness, and from avenging thyself with thine own hand, now therefore let thine enemies, and them that seek evil to my lord, be as Nabal.
²⁷ And now this present which thy servant hath brought unto my lord, let it be given unto the young men that follow my lord.
²⁸ Forgive, I pray thee, the trespass of thy handmaid: for Jehovah will certainly make my lord a sure house, because my lord fighteth the battles of Jehovah; and evil shall not be found in thee all thy days.
²⁹ And though men be risen up to pursue thee, and to seek thy soul, yet the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life with Jehovah thy God; and the souls of thine enemies, them shall he sling out, as from the hollow of a sling.
³⁰ And it shall come to pass, when Jehovah shall have done to my lord according to all the good that he hath spoken concerning thee, and shall have appointed thee prince over Israel,
³¹ that this shall be no grief unto thee, nor offence of heart unto my lord, either that thou hast shed blood without cause, or that my lord hath avenged himself. And when Jehovah shall have dealt well with my lord, then remember thy handmaid.

(Abigail finished interceding. She even spoke David's language by saying "without cause." She obviously knew who David was before this situation occurred. It may have been one of the reasons that she handled it the way she did. Abigail did not want David to waste his time on Nabal.)

³² And David said to Abigail, Blessed be Jehovah, the God of Israel, who sent thee this day to meet me:
³³ and blessed be thy discretion, and blessed be thou, that hast kept me this day from bloodguiltiness, and from avenging myself with mine own hand.
³⁴ For in very deed, as Jehovah, the God of Israel, liveth, who hath withholden me from hurting thee, except thou hadst hasted and come to meet me, surely there had not been left unto Nabal by the morning light so much as one man-child.
³⁵ So David received of her hand that which she had brought him: and he said unto her, Go up in peace to thy house; see, I have hearkened to thy voice, and have accepted thy person.

(Abigail was sent by God and David recognized this. She helped him forgive Nabal: David did not take Justice out with his own hands.)

³⁶ And Abigail came to Nabal; and, behold, he held a feast in his house, like the feast of a king; and Nabal's heart was merry within him, for he was very drunken: wherefore she told him nothing, less or more, until the morning light.
³⁷ And it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Nabal, that his wife told him these things, and his heart died within him, and he became as a stone.
³⁸ And it came to pass about ten days after, that Jehovah smote Nabal, so that he died.

(God avenged David, Nabal was killed in response to Justice. Notice, his heart died within him.)

³⁹ And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be Jehovah, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept back his servant from evil: and the evil-doing of Nabal hath Jehovah returned upon his own head. And David sent and spake concerning Abigail, to take her to him to wife.

(David recognized that God judged Nabal as an effect of Nabal's "evil-doing.")

(David wanted Abigail for his wife.)

⁴⁰ And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spake unto her, saying, David hath sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife.
⁴¹ And she arose, and bowed herself with her face to the earth, and said, Behold, thy handmaid is a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord.
⁴² And Abigail hasted, and arose, and rode upon an ass, with five damsels of hers that followed her; and she went after the messengers of David, and became his wife.
⁴³ David also took Ahinoam of Jezreel; and they became both of them his wives.

(David married Abigail and Ahinoam.)

⁴⁴ Now Saul had given Michal his daughter, David's wife, to Palti the son of Laish, who was of Gallim.

(Michal was given to another man. Was David in agreement with this? David may not have ever consummated the Marriage because he had barely spent any time with her. Also, Michal apparently agreed to this arrangement.)




1 Samuel 26

(This chapter covered yet another conflict between David and Saul.)

¹ And the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David hide himself in the hill of Hachilah, which is before the desert?
² Then Saul arose, and went down to the wilderness of Ziph, having three thousand chosen men of Israel with him, to seek David in the wilderness of Ziph.

(The Ziphites betrayed David again (1 Samuel 23:19-23). Saul took 3,000 men to find David in Ziph again. The encounter with David by the cave must not have meant much to Saul.)

³ And Saul encamped in the hill of Hachilah, which is before the desert, by the way. But David abode in the wilderness, and he saw that Saul came after him into the wilderness.
⁴ David therefore sent out spies, and understood that Saul was come of a certainty.
⁵ And David arose, and came to the place where Saul had encamped; and David beheld the place where Saul lay, and Abner the son of Ner, the captain of his host: and Saul lay within the place of the wagons, and the people were encamped round about him.

(David knew where Saul was and went to that place. Saul was lying within the camp, surrounded by wagons and his men, which included the "captain of his host," General Abner.)

⁶ Then answered David and said to Ahimelech the Hittite, and to Abishai the son of Zeruiah, brother to Joab, saying, Who will go down with me to Saul to the camp? And Abishai said, I will go down with thee.
⁷ So David and Abishai came to the people by night: and, behold, Saul lay sleeping within the place of the wagons, with his spear stuck in the ground at his head; and Abner and the people lay round about him.
⁸ Then said Abishai to David, God hath delivered up thine enemy into thy hand this day: now therefore let me smite him, I pray thee, with the spear to the earth at one stroke, and I will not smite him the second time.

(Abishai (**Joab's brother) offered to kill Saul believing that God had delivered Saul to David.)

(**Joab was an interesting person. Follow Joab during the rest of David's life...)

⁹ And David said to Abishai, Destroy him not; for who can put forth his hand against Jehovah's anointed, and be guiltless?

(David forbade the killing of Saul. David still recognized Saul as God’s anointed. How hard must it have been for David to let Saul live knowing that Saul was trying to kill him and in the face of his own men convincing him to let Saul die? David wouldn't have even had to kill Saul himself, Abishai offered to do it.)

¹⁰ And David said, As Jehovah liveth, Jehovah will smite him; or his day shall come to die; or he shall go down into battle and perish.
¹¹ Jehovah forbid that I should put forth my hand against Jehovah's anointed: but now take, I pray thee, the spear that is at his head, and the cruse of water, and let us go.
¹² So David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul's head; and they gat them away: and no man saw it, nor knew it, neither did any awake; for they were all asleep, because a deep sleep from Jehovah was fallen upon them.

(David recognized God would equal out Justice against Saul. This was another thing that separated David from other kings: he never set himself up as king, he let God give him the crown.)

(This time, David took Saul's spear and water while he slept.)

¹³ Then David went over to the other side, and stood on the top of the mountain afar off; a great space being between them;
¹⁴ and David cried to the people, and to Abner the son of Ner, saying, Answerest thou not, Abner? Then Abner answered and said, Who art thou that criest to the king?
¹⁵ And David said to Abner, Art not thou a valiant man? and who is like to thee in Israel? wherefore then hast thou not kept watch over thy lord the king? for there came one of the people in to destroy the king thy lord.
¹⁶ This thing is not good that thou hast done. As Jehovah liveth, ye are worthy to die, because ye have not kept watch over your lord, Jehovah's anointed. And now see where the king's spear is, and the cruse of water that was at his head.
¹⁷ And Saul knew David's voice, and said, Is this thy voice, my son David? And David said, It is my voice, my lord, O king.

(David stated that Abner had not done a good job protecting Saul. This would have been very insulting to Saul's General. Saul recognized David’s voice.)

¹⁸ And he said, Wherefore doth my lord pursue after his servant? for what have I done? or what evil is in my hand?
¹⁹ Now therefore, I pray thee, let my lord the king hear the words of his servant. If it be Jehovah that hath stirred thee up against me, let him accept an offering: but if it be the children of men, cursed be they before Jehovah: for they have driven me out this day that I should not cleave unto the inheritance of Jehovah, saying, Go, serve other gods.
²⁰ Now therefore, let not my blood fall to the earth away from the presence of Jehovah: for the king of Israel is come out to seek a flea, as when one doth hunt a partridge in the mountains.
²¹ Then said Saul, I have sinned: return, my son David; for I will no more do thee harm, because my life was precious in thine eyes this day: behold, I have played the fool, and have erred exceedingly.

(Again, David referenced Justice and used his words to ask questions focused on Saul's causes. David remained humble about himself and reverent towards Saul. Again, Saul confessed his sin towards David. He stated he would no longer do David harm. Would Saul repent? Or would Saul continue to harden his heart like Pharaoh?)

²² And David answered and said, Behold the spear, O king! let then one of the young men come over and fetch it.
²³ And Jehovah will render to every man his righteousness and his faithfulness; forasmuch as Jehovah delivered thee into my hand to-day, and I would not put forth my hand against Jehovah's anointed.
²⁴ And, behold, as thy life was much set by this day in mine eyes, so let my life be much set by in the eyes of Jehovah, and let him deliver me out of all tribulation.

(David gave Saul his spear back. David continued to build the case that he was not Saul’s enemy and asked that he be treated the way he was treating Saul: Justly.)

²⁵ Then Saul said to David, Blessed be thou, my son David: thou shalt both do mightily, and shalt surely prevail. So David went his way, and Saul returned to his place.




1 Samuel 27
¹ And David said in his heart, I shall now perish one day by the hand of Saul: there is nothing better for me than that I should escape into the land of the Philistines; and Saul will despair of me, to seek me any more in all the borders of Israel: so shall I escape out of his hand.

(The first line in this chapter sets the context for many forthcoming events: "David said in his heart." David seemed to be in fear again and was making some bold statements that did not seem rooted in faith: "I shall now perish" - "there is nothing better for me" - "Saul will despair of me.")

(Was David about to make decisions in his "own strength" or would he inquire of God?)

² And David arose, and passed over, he and the six hundred men that were with him, unto Achish the son of Maoch, king of Gath.
³ And David dwelt with Achish at Gath, he and his men, every man with his household, even David with his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the Carmelitess, Nabal's wife.
⁴ And it was told Saul that David was fled to Gath: and he sought no more again for him.

(David went to Gath in the land of the Philistines (Goliath's home town) and when Saul heard of this, he did not pursue David again. Saul did not want to deal with the Philistines.)

⁵ And David said unto Achish, If now I have found favor in thine eyes, let them give me a place in one of the cities in the country, that I may dwell there: for why should thy servant dwell in the royal city with thee?

(David appeared humble to King Achish.)

⁶ Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day: wherefore Ziklag pertaineth unto the kings of Judah unto this day.
⁷ And the number of the days that David dwelt in the country of the Philistines was a full year and four months.

(David lived with the Philistines for one year and four months. Remember, David had killed Goliath and caused the Philistines to be defeated that day. Here, he was living with them!)

⁸ And David and his men went up, and made a raid upon the Geshurites, and the Girzites, and the Amalekites; for those nations were the inhabitants of the land, who were of old, as thou goest to Shur, even unto the land of Egypt.
⁹ And David smote the land, and saved neither man nor woman alive, and took away the sheep, and the oxen, and the asses, and the camels, and the apparel; and he returned, and came to Achish.

(David seemed to have taken on a new occupation: a raider.)

¹⁰ And Achish said, Against whom have ye made a raid to-day? And David said, Against the South of Judah, and against the South of the Jerahmeelites, and against the South of the Kenites.

(David lied to Achish. The Geshurites, the Girzites, and the Amalekites were not of the South of Judah. This lie was an attempt at gaining favor with Achish.)

¹¹ And David saved neither man nor woman alive, to bring them to Gath, saying, Lest they should tell of us, saying, So did David, and so hath been his manner all the while he hath dwelt in the country of the Philistines.

(David killed all the men and women so they wouldn't be able to expose David's lie to Achish.)

¹² And Achish believed David, saying, He hath made his people Israel utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant for ever.

(David convinced Achish that David would be Achish's servant forever.)

(This post began with Samuel's death and covered David's and Saul's continued warring against each other.)

Day 87